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Questions about reducing conjunctions. (Reducing conjunctions involves the combination of overlapping coordinating clauses. For example, 'I want to see you and I want to see your friend' would become 'I want to see you and your friend.')

12 votes

Is "has or will read" grammatical?

The relevant grammatical rules involved here are The Perfect auxiliary have must be followed by the past participle form of the next verb. Modal auxiliary verbs like will must be followed by the inf …
John Lawler's user avatar
2 votes

Do I need to use "to" in sentences such as these?

What I want is to go to the cinema. (grammatical) *What I want is go to the cinema. (asterisk means ungrammatical) As Barrie has pointed out, both of the example sentences are Wh-Cleft construction …
John Lawler's user avatar
6 votes

"Either your dog or your cat eats" vs. "Either your dog or cat eats"

This is another example of the common syntactic process called Conjunction Reduction, which gets rid of repeated material in parallel clauses or phrases. It's optional, so you can do it or not do it, …
John Lawler's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

what's the structure of a sentence

No. As usual, this sentence has been done many things to, and needs to be unwound. There's one main clause, in skeleton form The issue was debated and also a subordinate gerund clause that's the …
John Lawler's user avatar
2 votes

The air bracing, leaves just starting to turn

This sentence has undergone some surgery; in particular, Conjunction Reduction has deleted the repeated auxiliary form of be required for the predicate adjectives in the second and third clauses. As w …
John Lawler's user avatar
2 votes

"How good A and how bad B were in their respective roles"?

a prime example of how terrible Marina Sirtis and how good Brent Spiner were in their respective roles There are two Wh-clauses (both starting with how), and both have subjects (Marina Sirtis, …
John Lawler's user avatar
1 vote

How to explain why "have" is not repeated in "you not only have X, but Y"?

You not only have [the usual great scheduling] tools [you expect from our apps], but also [detailed weather] reports [about the places you are going to visit]. Let's strip off the marketing bells …
John Lawler's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Parallel sentence construction: "I have, and always will trust you"

First, you're right; this is a violation of the Conjunction Reduction rule. Will and have take different verb forms: will trust (infinitive) but have trusted (participle). Conjunction Reduction requir …
John Lawler's user avatar
8 votes

What is the origin of the rule for omitting the suffix of a hyphenated word?

It's a variety of Conjunction Reduction, used to avoid repeating material that's already been said. In this case, it's morphological instead of syntactic, but it's got the same purpose and works much …
John Lawler's user avatar
6 votes

Must a coordinating clause always have a subject?

All English clauses have subjects. However, the subjects of clauses are often deleted, by various rules, if they are predictable from context or from higher or parallel clauses. In example (1), there …
John Lawler's user avatar
6 votes

did <verb> and <verb>

Sure, it's fine. This is a case of ordinary Conjunction Reduction from even if he did look like a monstrous yellow slug and even if he did smell of piss. Emphatic do, like all usages of do, must …
John Lawler's user avatar
17 votes

Jameson whiskey commercial construction with implicit verb

I don't know where you get the idea this is a no-no. It's a textbook example of Conjunction Reduction, a staple of the generative stable of rules since around 1963. And it's badly punctuated in the …
John Lawler's user avatar
1 vote
Accepted

Meaning of "before" in this sign

Easy. One tree is deeper structure than the other, so they're both valid, but at different stages of the derivation. The one on the right, with the complete transitive clause, is what it means, pret …
John Lawler's user avatar
3 votes

Repeating "I" in an enumeration of attributes

In speech, in a conversation -- in real language, where these problems mostly don't arise, or are corrected on the spot when they do -- you would automatically contract I am to I'm, which is not reall …
John Lawler's user avatar
5 votes
Accepted

What is the difference between "compound" and "complex" sentences?

Yes, this is a good place. It's simple, really. There are two ways to combine clauses. One of them is simply stacking together sentences, like He went to the store and he bought some bread and he …
John Lawler's user avatar

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