Your plan doesn't agree with mine.
For the sense that applies in this sentence, "agree" is not a phrasal verb. It is intransitive ([V]), and a complement is not necessary.
(OALD) agree (with sth) to be the same as something;
SYN tally
- The figures do not agree.
- Your account of the accident does not agree with hers.
OPP disagree
There are two definitions of a verb phrase. According to the first, we consider the smallest assemblage of words of a verbal nature that can constitute a verbal meaning in a clause. This is, in other terms, the following definition from the Cambridge Dictionary.
A verb phrase consists of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal and/or auxiliary verbs. The main verb always comes last in the verb phrase:
(see the full entry for details)
This definition implies that verbal idioms are verb phrases (since in a clause these verbs are main verbs). The verbal idioms are of two sorts: phrasal verbs and non-phrasal idioms; in this second category are found the combinations of words that constitute together a verbal meaning, but which contain words that are not the particles used for constructing phrasal verbs ("take it easy", "lie low", kick the bucket", etc).
It follows that phrasal verbs are a special type of verb phrase, this term being understood as in the first definition. A phrasal verb consists of two or three words, the first one of which is always a plain verb, the second and third an adverb or a preposition ("stand up", "put up at", "come up with",…). See this presentation of phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs for explanations.
According to the second definition, a verb phrase is a verb phrase as defined in the first definition, to which one adds the object(s) and complements, that is everything except the subject. (Wikipedia).