When is it appropriate to use the original pronunciation of a foreign word versus the English pronunciation?

Question

When reading to an audience, or speaking in conversation, when is it appropriate to use the original pronunciation of a foreign word versus the English pronunciation (assuming you know the appropriate pronunciation for it)? Is it considered rude, or condescending? Or is it considered a mark of being knowledgeable?

One of the things to consider are place names. When referring to Paris, France, should it be pronounced with the silent 'S' as the French would say it, or with the 'S'? Should Hiroshima be pronounced as a Japanese speaker would pronounce it slightly more emphasis on RO, rather than the SHI? Should Mount Pinatubo be pronounced as a Filipino speaker would pronounce it with shorter stronger vowels, or the longer vowels? (e.g. Pi as is 'pick' rather than 'pea'.) Should Wichita be pronounces as the original "shi" rather than the modern "chi"?

Pronounce pesos or sombrero as a Spanish speaker 'eh' or the English 'ay'?

(I can't think of other common words right now that aren't words taken from other languages like hurricane, boondocks, tornado, etc. which I think have (correctly) changed to English pronunciations.)

Answer 1

For words which are commonly used in English (like "Paris") using the foreign pronunciation is guaranteed to sound pretentious.

English has a distinctive phonetic pattern, and switching to another phonetic system in the middle of a sentence for the purpose of pronouncing a different place name would sound odd and draw attention to yourself. Imagine an American speaker switching to a British accent every time he had to say "England". When speaking in an American accent, saying frahns instead of fraens (for France) is unbearably pretentious... even though frahns is the way it's pronounced in British English.

For more rarely used words (for example, small place names rarely mentioned in English), using foreign pronunciations won't be noticed. Nobody in America has ever heard of Ramat Gan, Israel, so pronouncing it the Israeli way (raMAT GAN) instead of the English way (RAMat GAN) won't even be noticed... but with American audiences, switching to American phonetics is always appreciated (using a hard American R instead of a gutteral or fricative will help people understand what you said).

Answer 2

If I am talking to a native French person, it may show appreciation for his language and culture to use the French pronunciation. On the other hand, there may be cases where using the French pronunciation would feel condescending.

When speaking to an audience, I think it is appropriate to use whatever you think will be the most understood. If I am talking to a group of Americans who have very little or no knowledge of French, they may not understand if I used a foreign pronunciation.

Communication is about building relationships. If I alienate someone by using a particular pronunciation, I am defeating the purpose of our interaction. To consolidate my answer to one sentence: Pronounce in whatever way will build the most solidarity between yourself and those to whom you are communicating.

Answer 3

Personally, I always go with the English pronunciation, even when speaking to a knowledgeable audience. This is mainly for two reasons:

• The English pronunciation is more familiar, even to knowledgeable people. They simply hear it more often. They might know how karate is pronounced in Japanese, but hearing [kəˈrɑːtiː] still makes them feel better, if only subconsciously. English and Japanese are stored in two entirely different parts of their brain, and while some people can constantly flip switches in their brain in the middle of a sentence, nobody really wants it. It is always an effort, however minor.
• More importantly though, I just don't see any need to use the original pronunciation. When I'm speaking English, I'm speaking English. If I wanted to speak French instead, I'd be speaking French. The English pronunciation of Paris is not incorrect in any way or by any measure. Yes, it's different from the French one, but so what?

If we started pronouncing everything the same in all languages, languages as we know them would cease to exist. I don't want to live in that world.

Answer 4

Paris is the English word for the French city "Paris", as Florence is the English word for the Italian city "Firenze". It is the translated place name and therefore should have the English pronunciation. That is my recommendation for translated words in general, even if the spelling is the same as in the original language.

But if the word is really not English, then I'd say the speaker should use the original pronunciation.

Answer 5

I personally HATE when people call me Mike or Michael or even Michelle (my given name is Michel, i.e. masculine version of the French name Michelle) and I cringe when I hear English speakers pronounce Copenhagen with a Germanic aa instead of ei - I believe that particular pronunciation was a mistake perpetrated and perpetuated by a song by David Daniel Kaminsky (Danny Kaye).

As mentioned already in this question, Paris is an unfortunate example because it is spelled the same in English and French. I work in an international environment but if the conversation is held in English I would pronounce the s and if in French I would not, regardless of the native tongue of the people at the table.

If I were to converse in English about a trip from Antwerp via Cologne to Alsace I could but would never use Antwerpen via Köln to Elsass, oh pardon, Alsace, just because there were Flemish/Dutch, German and French colleagues around, unless I KNEW one of them would not recognise the English version...

Answer 6

When speaking "pronounceable" foreign words, keep their foreign pronunciation. If they have sounds that do not occur in the English language, they should be pronounced as English-speakers have agreed to bastardize them. VERY common Anglicized words should take the audience into account. I'd sound like a pretentious twit talking to small children about places they don't recognize because I don't use the pronunciations they know. I'd sound like an uneducated boor using those (easier?) pronunciations in a room full of academics.

Answer 7

This is an interesting question. I've recently been rewatching "The World At War" and one interesting feature of the programme is the care that the narrator (actor Laurence Olivier) takes with the pronunciation of foreign words. For example he correctly pronounced Japanese names like "Yamamoto" and he also pronounced names like "Soviet" as if it was Russian.

When referring to Paris, France, should it be pronounced with the silent 'S' as the French would say it, or with the 'S'?

Of course, it should be pronounced as it usually is. "Paris" is the English name. Saying "Pari" sounds affected and ridiculous.

Should Hiroshima be pronounced as a Japanese speaker would pronounce it slightly more emphasis on RO, rather than the SHI?

Japanese has no emphasis (stress) at all, only pitch accent. The Japanese pronunciation of Hiroshima would be difficult to understand for English speakers, so it would be better to use the accepted English pronunciation.

Answer 8

I think it depends heavily on the word in question. Take composers' names for instance:

"Hindemith" is acceptable with a German or an English "th". "Beethoven", on the other hand, is pretty unacceptable as "bee though vehn."

Answer 9

I think the appropriate degree of anglicization is highly variable and extremely arbitrary; it basically amounts to what people are used to. For instance, often when NPR mentions van Gogh, they add a disclaimer that they know that "van go" is far from the Dutch pronunciation, but that they are sticking with the familiar anglicized pronunciation.

On the other hand, it was NPR reporters like Maria Hinojosa who started a trend of maintaining the "foreign" pronunciation of their names even for American audiences. (Well, I guess Gerry Rivers went back before that, but that was before my time.)

Answer 10

I would expect (and accept) native speakers of the language in question to use the foreign pronunciation of foreign words. In other cases, I would tend to expect (and accept) the Anglicized version.

As a resident of East Africa, I often resort to Africanized pronunciations for the sake of being understood. I can use my "proper English" pronunciations until I go mad not being understood, so I find it infinitely more productive to speak in a way that will be easily understood.

For example, if I say with my most natural American accent:

I am going to take it with me to town,

I am likely to get nowhere. If I say:

I tack eet weeth me een tone,

I am instantly understood.

I have regularly agonized over whether this is a good strategy as far as raising the level of English, but ease of communication most always weens out. I say Anglicize away.

Answer 11

I'm fully bilingual in English and Spanish (I grew up in both England and Spain, and I speak both with transparency).

When I speak in Spanish and mention an English word (like "iPod", "Google", "Pokémon"), I consciously dumb it down to how a Spaniard would say it. It is much easier for them to understand, as they are used to the dumbed-down pronunciation, and would perhaps not understand it if I said it to them as an Englishman would.

I'd also get an odd look, and feel like I'm being condescending if I spoke "correctly".

Answer 12

When speaking English, keep things in English. If the words were changed when "translated" to English it's because they sounded out of place.

Answer 13

Occasionally when listening to an audio book in my Spanish Classes, I would hear mispronounced English words in them occasionally. The most annoying one was when I heard Nike (the shoe manufacturer) pronounced Naik as opposed to a more correct pronunciation Naiki. My opinion on pronouncing foreign words is that to only pronounce them in the original language if you know how to correctly pronounce it in that language.

Answer 14

Personally, I think it's a shame so many wonderful words and pronunciations go unused due to fear of being viewed as "pretentious." That word should be banned from the English language altogether. When it comes to original pronunciations of foreign words, I say speak confidently, boldly and without fear. If you want to say Paree or Venezia (vs Venice) or Para-GWHY vs Para-GWAY, then do so and the heck with what the other fellow thinks!