The sentence as it stands makes sense apart from 'imbalance data'.
This could be changed to either 'imbalanced data' or 'data imbalance'
The use of 'sensitive' does however imply two meanings.
Either the algorithms are adversely affected by the data imbalance, or the algorithms are finely adjusted to deal with the effects of the data imbalance. Currently the sentence does not specify whether the algorithmic sensitivity is the problem or the solution to the problem.
I believe that clarifying this aspect would make the sentence more direct and specific, and seem less intricate.
If the influence of the data imbalance is negative then the following would be an alternative:
This leads to data imbalance, a well-known problem to which the
inference algorithms are susceptible.
If the influence of the data imbalance is more neutral then the sentence could be written as follows:
This leads to data imbalance, a well-known problem which affects the
inference algorithms.
If the influence of the data imbalance is resolved by the algorithms then the sentence could be written as follows.
This leads to the well-known problem of data imbalance, for which the
inference algorithms account.