Most commonly, "x much?" is used when the person being addressed is displaying too much x (where x is something bad). For example, someone might say "hypocrisy much?" in response to someone who's said something hypocritical or is acting that way. It's also used with nouns that describe people, so "um, stalker much?" could be used to call out someone for their creepy behavior (where they're acting like a stalker). And it's used with verbs too, like "blame the victim much?" when someone's doing exactly that.
More rarely, "x much?" is used to respond to someone who's acting like they have no x, where x is something desirable. For example, someone spouting a confused explanation might be told "logic much?"
(The examples in the question seem to be mostly of the former type, but "Physics 101 Much?" probably is the latter.)
Either way, it's sarcastic, flippant, and rude enough that I would recommend not saying it to someone's face. Note that legitimate questions may have some elision, but not to this extent. For example, "you drive much?" (dropping do) is a legitimate question while "drive much?" is accusing them of driving poorly.
Note: Most of these are real examples from COCA — try the search NOUN much ?