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OED says that:

Middle English buryel, biriel, incorrectly formed as a singular of byriels, buriels n., q.v.; in later times associated with nouns in -al from French, such as espousal-s.

Etymonline.com says that:

"act of burying," late 13c.; earlier "tomb" (c. 1200), false singular from Old English byrgels "tomb," from byrgan "to bury" + suffix -els;

emphasis mine

How is the word burial incorrectly formed? What would be the correct form if it wasn't incorrectly formed?


According to OED, buriels was used but it is obsolete now.

Here is the etymology of buriels from OED:

Old English byrgels strong masculine, cognate with Old Saxon burgisli neuter, < burg- ablaut-stem of bergan bergh n. to protect + suffix -isli- ; compare Old English græfels quarry, fætels purse, etc.

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    I think it means that OE byrgels/byriels was a false singular (ending with an s) and burial incorrectly lost the final s on the model of French terms ending in -al which on thier turn took an s in the plural. In other words the singular form of those French terms influenced the spelling of burial by dropping the final s.
    – user 66974
    Commented Jan 9, 2018 at 15:39
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    It must be pointed out that 'false singular' and 'incorrectly formed' apply solely to the technicalities of etymology, not to the correctness or otherwise of the words 'burial' and 'burials' today. Commented Jan 9, 2018 at 20:42

1 Answer 1

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The answer is in the OED's definition of buriels1, namely

  1. A burying-place; a sepulchre, tomb.

  2. An interment, funeral.

Note that both meanings are already singular: A burying-place, An interment, etc.

So the "correct" formation of burial would be buriels. It was "falsely" constructed because the singular, Old English word was mistakenly believed to be a plural, French word. From the OED's etymology of burial (just after the part you cited):

in later times associated with nouns in -al from French, such as espousal-s.


1 "ˈburiels, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2017, www.oed.com/view/Entry/24975. The etymology of buriels is helpful in pointing out how a singular English word ended up ending in -s (among other things). Note that the OED Online is unfortunately a prescription service (behind a paywall). However, many folks, especially in the UK, will have access through their local public library, and most students should be able to access through their institution's library. More info here: http://public.oed.com/about/free-oed/

2 "burial, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, June 2017, www.oed.com/view/Entry/24969.

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