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Is "must certainly" redundant or incorrect? Or is it a valid way to stress the certainty of "must"?

Examples:

You must be wrong.

You must certainly be wrong.

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"You must be wrong." - Implies no doubt or even the possibility of doubt. It's a politer or softer way of saying "You are wrong"

"You must certainly be wrong." - "certainly" emphasizes the belief of the speaker that the other person is wrong. However, depending on intonation, it could also be lessening the strength of "must" even further. ("Certainly, he couldn't be that fast? Could he?" vs "He certainly isn't that fast")

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    Exactly. The spoken language is the real language, and it determines everything. And redundancy is a feature, not a bug.
    – John Lawler
    Commented Mar 17, 2014 at 14:55
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May sound redundant, but not incorrect. Probably used more spoken then written. You must really go. You must absolutely wait for me.

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  • The adverb (absolutely, or certainly) effectively modifies "must" in these examples, I think. It's just a way of stressing the imperative in these sentences.
    – Carl Witthoft
    Commented Mar 17, 2014 at 11:37
  • @Carl Witthoft: I'd say its function is pragmatic (as in msam's answer) not semantic – so I'd call it a pragmatic marker (hedge, or emphasiser, depending on intonation) not an adverb. It doesn't modify must in a meaningful sense, but adds embroidery to the whole statement.
    – Edwin Ashworth
    Commented Mar 17, 2014 at 15:21

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