We will have to devise innovative plans to ensure that minorities, particularly the Muslim minority, are empowered to share equitably the fruits of development. These must have the first claim on resources
Does the word these refer to the "minorities" or does it refer to the "innovative plans"?
'These' could refer to plans. The passage you quote is an excellent example of why it is a bad idea to begin sentences with 'These' or 'This' not followed with the appropriate noun. So, here, it would have been better to write "These plans..." or "These minorities..." and remove any doubt in the reader's mind.
It refers to "minorities". I can only tell because of the context, not the sentence structure (it doesn't make sense for "fruits of development" to have a claim on resources).
