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We can see in some words, letters are reduplicated:

Effect, apprehensive, abhorrent, blissful, affect, remiss

Sometimes these are caused by the evolution of their latin equivalents into English... However...

Is there a term for this letter reduplication in some words? Where two letters are next to each other?

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    Double letters? Why do you say reduplicated instead of duplicated?
    – Richard Kayser
    Commented Dec 3, 2016 at 18:00
  • What @Richard said. Per OED, reduplication has the special sense in linguistics: repetition of a syllable or letter that expresses a grammatical feature. I don't think that applies to all OP's examples here.
    – FumbleFingers
    Commented Dec 3, 2016 at 18:04
  • Why not? Linguists do, though not when referring to alphabetic letters.
    – John Lawler
    Commented Dec 3, 2016 at 18:04
  • @John: Would say effect is "reduplication" then? I don't know diddly squat, obviously, but I'd have thought that one was just a matter of orthography.
    – FumbleFingers
    Commented Dec 3, 2016 at 18:07

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The duplication of letters is called double letters.

From Your Dictionary:

Double-letter words are words which contain at least one set of letters used twice consecutively to make a certain sound, usually used in the emphasis syllable in the word which contains them.

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  • More specifically, all OP's examples contain double consonants.
    – Graffito
    Commented Dec 3, 2016 at 23:57

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