What's an English word/verb for "temporarily fix an issue with makeshift equipment waiting for a permanent solution"?
In Italian, we use tamponare (same as to tampon, to plug or to dab in English) for this usage.
Here is a relevant sense of Italian tamponare listed in Wiktionary:
3. (figuratively) to provide a provisional or makeshift remedy for a critical situation; to apply a bandage to
tamponare un debito ― to provisionally remedy a debt
Note: Tamponare is a verb in Italian, hence the request is for a verb, not for a noun.