Old English had a more flexible word order than modern English. However, I don't see any evidence that it ever used verb, object, preposition order as in German.
Object before verb (OV)
Because of its strong tendency to be object before verb, OE allowed the order preposition, object, verb:
Þis hé spræc on Iudea-lande: ðær wæs án eowd of ðam mannum þe on God belyfdon on ðam leodscipe.
This he spake in the land of Juda: there was a fold of men who believed in God in that nation.
The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church by Ælfric, translated by Benjamin Thorpe
See also my answer here about believe in vs believe on. One commenter (KarlG) mentioned that this word order is "still strictly observed in modern German, a bit less strict in Dutch".
Preposition Stranding
OE also had sentences that ended in prepositions:
gað ge beforon; ic eow cume æfter.
Gregory the Great, Dialogues, Book 1
(Literally: "Go ye before; I you come after")
However, according to The Ban on Preposition Stranding in Old English "the phenomenon of preposition stranding is highly restricted in OE". The paper points out some examples of sentences where Modern English would likely end a sentence with a preposition, but OE wouldn't. For example:
Drihten, þu þe gecure æt fæt on to eardienne
Lord you yourself chose that vessel in to live
‘Lord, you chose that vessel for yourself to live in’
The Blickling Homilies
Another paper summarizes the rules for preposition stranding in OE:
[P]reposition stranding was possible in Old English (OE) only when the object was a pronoun, or in relative clauses introduced by the complementizer þe ‘that,’ while its possibility became greatly expanded in Middle English.
On the Historical Development of Preposition Stranding in English
Inseparable-prefix verbs
OE also had verbs that were prefixed with a preposition. A few of these words even made it to Modern English. These verbs, of course, can't be split:
Old English generally did not possess phrasal verbs as they are found in Present-Day English. They did exist, although they were rare. Much more common in Old English was the inseparable-prefix verb, a form in which the particle was attached to the beginning of the verb. These Old English prefixed verbs are directly comparable to current phrasal forms. For example, in Present-Day English, there is the monotransitive verb “to burn” and then the phrasal monotransitive “to burn up.” Old English had “bærnan” (to burn) and “forbærnan” (to burn up). The prefix “for-” remained affixed to the verb and could not move as modern particles can. Such Old English compound verbs were also highly idiomatic, in that the meaning of the compound form did not necessarily reflect the meaning of the root. Denison provides “berædan” as an example because it meant “to dispossess”, while its root verb, “rædan”, meant “to advise”. The phenomenon still survives today in the participle “forlorn”, as well as the verb “understandan”, which does not in Present-Day English mean “to stand underneath (something)”, but idiomatically “to comprehend”.
The Historical Rise of the English Phrasal Verb
