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A pattern that begins a word is generally denoted as "prefix", one that ends a word is generally denoted as "suffix".

Is there a word that indicates a pattern that surrounds a word. For instance (hello), is there a word that indicates the parentheses?

So if I have several patterns i.e.:

"hello" (hello) {hello} [hello]

etc. What word do I use for the surrounding pattern?

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  • Please edit question and specify a context: grammar, linguistics, computer science, other. (Otherwise, assertion about "generally denoted" is false.)
    – James Waldby - jwpat7
    Commented May 2, 2012 at 22:52
  • You don't agree that prefix and suffix generally denote patterns that begin and end words?
    – NominSim
    Commented May 3, 2012 at 13:35

1 Answer 1

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There are three more -fix words you may be looking for:

  1. The generic term for things attaching to words is affix
  2. The term for something inserted into a word, as in abso-fucking-lutely is infix
  3. What you are looking for is something attached around a word, as in the German ge- + -t, and this is called a circumfix.

There are some more exotic types of affix described in the Wikipedia article.

I would note that these terms are usually used in linguistics for morphemes, and surrounding a word with punctuation is not usually considered circumfixation.

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  • I don't think I would call that an infix, because that implies a grammatical or derivational morpheme, and almost certainly a bound morpheme.Examples are rare to non-existent in English, but French shows an infix in the interrogative of "il y a": "y a-t-il". Forms like abso-fucking-lutely are referred to as tmesis.
    – Colin Fine
    Commented May 2, 2012 at 23:39
  • @Colin, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expletive_infixation
    – nohat
    Commented May 3, 2012 at 0:00
  • Some programming languages have circumfix operators. You can think of the four bracketing types as such, actually.
    – tchrist ♦
    Commented May 3, 2012 at 1:36
  • @tchrist: the way that terms of art may have been picked up and used in other fields doesn't necessarily tell us anything about the meaning or use of the words in the original domain. A "statement" in a programming language has only a metaphorical relationship to a "statement" in language.
    – Colin Fine
    Commented May 3, 2012 at 23:40
  • Portuguese has mesoclitic pronouns in its future and conditional tenses. They come after the verb stem but before the inflection. And they are subject to contraction, too.
    – tchrist ♦
    Commented May 4, 2012 at 0:46

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