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I was proofreading a user guide for a website and found this sentence:

  • If you see that they are missing, you can help adding them.

It didn't sound wrong to me, but grammar checking tools suggested changing it. LanguageTool suggested replacing "help adding" with "help to add", which to me sounds not totally wrong, but a bit more awkward than "help adding". (LanguageTool pointed to this VOA article for an explanation; it discusses ing-forms and infinitives, but doesn't address the verb "help" specifically).

Grammarly suggested changing it to "help add", which sounds outright wrong. However, I am really not an English expert, even though I write English quite a lot, so I might be mistaken. So what is the best way to write this? And is there an explanation for this?

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    "Help by adding" might be what is needed, but more context is needed to be sure.
    – Peter
    Commented Jul 29 at 2:29
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    I would expect either help to add (assist others in the task) or help by adding (add 'them', which will be helpful). Commented Jul 29 at 7:04
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    Not sure why this was closed... it is about as on-topic as can be for ELU.
    – Mitch
    Commented Jul 29 at 15:03
  • This is a duplicate of A gerund after 'to help'? However, the answer here is far better. But should it not be posted at the original? Commented Jul 29 at 18:29
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    @EdwinAshworth Throw-away comments under questions are ephemeral and may be deleted at any time. John Lawler's comment there cannot be construed as 'addressing' the 'can't help doing'. The reason for my comment is that I have become vigilant about over-hasty duping. Commented Jul 30 at 7:34

1 Answer 1

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Help allows both a plain infinitival complement and a to-infinitival complement when it's a verb. The -ing clause as complement is marginally acceptable at best.

In the Corpus of Contemporary American English the results for 'he helped...' are as follows:

  • plain infinitival 329
  • to-infinitival 232
  • -ing clause 2

Only one of the -ing clause examples could actually be argued as a complement to help.

Snape's logic and deductive reasoning skills were such that he helped protecting the Philosopher's Stone by creating an obstacle (Harry Potter Wiki)

The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language has verb help on p1229 as allowing to-infinitivals and bare infinitivals, but not gerund-participials (-ing clauses).

Then again, ngrams gives 'help adding' as quite a common colocation, more so even than 'help add' or 'help to add':

ngram of 'help add', 'help to add', 'help adding' showing that 'help adding' is more common than the other two

However, most of these hits are noun uses.

In fact, when a noun, help can be followed by -ing clauses. The string 'some help doing something' returns 251 hits in the Corpus of Contemporary American English. These are quite acceptable:

Want some help finding that dog?

I knew you'd need some help keeping it real.

Maybe he'd like some help cleaning it out.

Then there's also can help in non-affirmative contexts which only licenses -ing clause complements (CGEL p1232) as in No one can help liking her. These make up the vast majority of hits for 'can help doing something' in the Corpus of Contemporary American English.

In the sentence given though, help is quite definitely a verb, and used in an affirmative context, so it would be best to have either a plain infinitival or to-infinitival following it.


Another possibility, as others have mentioned, is the solution of adding a by before the -ing clause to make it an adjunct of means, which in this case may be preferable if the person helping is in fact adding all of them; however, helping add them, or helping to add them by adding some but not all, is also perfectly possible.

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    "I can't help ...-ing" sounds idiomatic to me, but I guess the phrase "can't help" is just a special case...
    – Heinzi
    Commented Jul 29 at 11:57
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    @Heinzi Yep, also included as a separate listing in The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language as gerund-participial only on p1232.
    – DW256
    Commented Jul 29 at 12:44
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    ... Yes; 'I Just Can't Help Believin/g // Feeling // Falling // ...' are common, especially in lyrics. But as Heinzi points out, 'help' doesn't mean 'aid [in]' here, but 'prevent [myself]'. Commented Jul 29 at 13:28
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    Of the first ten hits for "help adding" in the 1962-2019 interval, one is of the 'can't help' type, and the other nine are false positives (often with 'help' nounal, or a section heading in a manual). //// 'I would like to help finding where the issue is' is borderline acceptable imo; it acknowledges that this might involve quite a lengthy process. / Perhaps there's a deleted 'in'. Commented Jul 29 at 13:34
  • It's definitely complex, with a lot of similar but distinct forms. I find a few results online like "if you can help cleaning", "can I help clearing up", etc, which have the meaning help=assist and seem a bit odd, but might be influenced by "can't help doing". It's also quite common to find things like "can I help you doing...?" which is a different construction again.
    – Stuart F
    Commented Jul 29 at 15:44

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