0

I found a duplicate question here, but am asking my question since the nature of my sentence is a little different.

The sentence:

"You need to know your employees well. Who is unhappy at not getting a raise, who is hurt at being scolded by their boss, who is unable to tolerate the air-conditioning. Knowing, helps you blah blah...".

I don't have a reason to insert an "or" before the air-conditioning condition, because adding an "etc." at the end does not really fit into the point I'm trying to make. I want to mention only three examples of unhappy employees, and adding an "etc." will ruin the sentence by making the reader think of more employee disgruntlement situations I don't want them to think of. However, adding an "or" will make it seem like those three employee situations are the only possible situations.

Adding an "or" here doesn't seem right.

"Who is unhappy at not getting a raise, who is hurt at being scolded by their boss or who is unable to tolerate the air-conditioning".

Is it acceptable English in such a situation to not use an "and" or "or"? I need to stick to the AP (Associated Press) Style guidelines, but couldn't find anything specific in the guideline, regarding this particular type of example.

3
  • 5
    It would probably look best formatted as a series of questions: "Who is unhappy at not getting a raise? Who is hurt at being scolded by their boss?" etc.
    – Laurel
    Commented Sep 23, 2018 at 1:49
  • I'd stick a colon in place of that first period, so as to give folks a clue that a list is coming up. The list itself does not really constitute a sentence on its own. Commented Sep 23, 2018 at 3:34
  • Wouldn't an initial colon to begin list, followed be semicolons between each list item be a good way? "You need to know your employees well: Who is unhappy at not getting a raise; who is hurt at being scolded by their boss; who is unable to tolerate the air-conditioning. Edit: sorry, I forgot AP style being a requirement. I have no idea if AP style allows this.
    – Zebrafish
    Commented Sep 23, 2018 at 8:03

1 Answer 1

3

First of all, what you have done is create a comma splice. In other words, you are using commas between independent clauses.

Most of the time, this is considered to be an error (unless a coordinating conjunction is used); however, comma splices can be used for deliberate dramatic effect. Most often, this occurs when the clauses are short.

Below is an Associated Press question and answer on this subject. I have removed the bold formatting that the source uses, and added my own emphasis to part of the answer.

Question:

Is this an acceptable comma splice?

He said, “Winning isn’t everything, it’s the only thing.”

And:

"Many of you have jobs, many of you have families," Sen. Al Franken told Virginia Democratic leaders. (Comma OK?)

Isn’t it inadvisable to use semicolons in quoted dialogue? Could a dash work in place of the comma, too?

Thank you!

Answer:

Interesting. Yes, both of those are comma splices and yet both seem OK. I think maybe it's a reflection of the written version mimicking the spoken version in cadence. Also, there are arguments that short clauses are OK when comma-spliced: He came, he saw, he conquered. To be safe, a period or dash would accomplish pretty much the same thing and would be absolutely correct. A semicolon would be jarring.


Per Wikipedia:

In English grammar, a comma splice or comma fault is the use of a comma to join two independent clauses. For example:

      It is nearly half past five, we cannot reach town before dark.

The comma splice is sometimes used in literary writing to convey a particular mood of informality. Otherwise, it is usually considered an error in English writing style. Some authorities on English usage consider comma splices appropriate in limited situations, such as informal writing or with short similar phrases.


Finally, in this article, Texas State University mentions some exceptions to the prohibition on comma splices:

EXCEPTIONS: If you are in doubt of the correct punctuation, use the more traditional methods.

  • A comma splice is permissible in a series of independent clauses (three or more) where the last two clauses are separated by “and, but,” or “or.”

              The Yo-Yo King demonstrated his new trick, the Skateboard Princess
              performed her new stunt, and the manager of Play Palace treated
              everyone to chili dogs and root beer.

  • Achieve a dramatic effect by using commas without coordinating conjunctions to link several brief, closely related independent clauses:

              He came, he saw, he conquered.

  • A comma may be used to separate a second clause which reverses a negative first clause:

              That night the princess did not sleep, she danced the night away.


So, you may still claim dramatic license for your use of a comma splice—even if yours seems to have clauses a bit longer than the examples given as acceptable exceptions. Whether you should, or whether you should rephrase your passage, is up to you.

1
  • This is an excellent answer. Instead of prescribing a rule, you cite different recommendations on style from different sources, which all vary in their degree of acceptance of the comma splice. After reading it I'm even more confused, but that's just due to the discrepancies of the many style guides. What really bugs me is that so many people will judge one or the other as being categorically incorrect. I've even seen this in official English tests. This results in the test-taker having to read the mind of the test writer as to what style they believe is acceptable.
    – Zebrafish
    Commented Sep 23, 2018 at 8:00

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged .