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Is there an English idiom for 'your silence implies your consent'?
Per Daniel's comment: The phrase "tacit consent" pretty much covers the intended meaning. Also, "speak now or forever hold your peace," from the standard wedding ceremony is similar. Jocularly, the auctioneer's "going once, going twice..." can be used conversationally as well.
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Is there a word for two persons dodging each other on the street?
"Avoidancing" was coined for this.
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Is there a formal term for "snail mail"?
This may be an acceptable term. I fully understand the remarks above, that "mail" in and of itself should be sufficient. However, we have two major operations - one involving email and one concerning snail mail, and it is necessary to sharply mark the difference. Any possibility of confusion needs to be eliminated. Thank you for your answer.
awarded
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Singular or plural verb when pluralisation is used in parentheses
Nice, comprehensive answer.
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Can I use "but" at the beginning of a sentence?
Correct. The standard injunction to avoid using conjunctions (or conjuncts) at the beginning of a sentence was predicated on the assumption that such sentences tended to be fragments. In fact, as this matter has subsequently been reviewed over the past 60 years or so, the concern has been found to be wholly unwarranted. The so-called "rule" is a shibboleth and can be ignored as being an exemplar of Ted Bernstein's "Miss Thistlebottom's Hobgoblins."
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Should I use adjacent parentheses or a semicolon (or something else)?
This is my field, and I'm unaware of any guidance from style manuals on this question. Rather, this is a situation requiring judgement and editorial skill. F'x gives proper advice above.
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Does "gay" necessarily mean male homosexual?
If you want to be totally inclusive, the broader term is "LGBTQIA" (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, and asexual). The difficulty arises in that these initialisms aren't readily pronouncable. A common shorthand you do hear is "gay or straight," to mean homo- or heterosexual, implying that gay can include lesbian in standard discourse. If you are addressing a largely or significantly non-traditional audience, then LGBT, LBGQT, etc., may be preferred.
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Can "man" always be used to mean both men and women?
added 2 characters in body
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When did things like ‑fu start to spread?
+1 on Joe Bob Briggs being the source. I thought I was going to be the first one with this cite. Well done, Brendon.
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"I ain't got no money"
A double negative, as in the quoted instance, is known as an "informal intensifier." Logically, it doesn't hold up, but in practice, it stresses the negative quality in question.
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Can the word "that" be used to refer to people?
A -1 to this comment. A number of essays have recently been published on this question, and the usage experts concur: "that" has been used with people throughout history, and by our best writers. What the usage guides recommend, actually, is that "who" should be preferred with respect to persons. But use of "that" isn't wrong, per se. To the OP: All that matters in this case is what the SAT people want.