The problem is with the type of catenation patterns help governs.
Many verbs in English catenate (form allowed strings):
He sat reading.
He started to cry.
He helped wash up.
He helped to wash up.
He helped us wash up.
He helped us to wash up.
There are several patterns, and different patterns are allowed for different verbs.
"He tried to help me learning..." has a string of three catenated verbs, with an interposed object (me). The first catenation (He tried to help [me] ) is fine - tried catenates with a to-infinitive, as here, or an -ing form. They have slightly different meanings.
However, help normally catenates with a bare infinitive or to-infinitive, so "He tried to help me learn..." or "He tried to help me to learn..." would be used.
Help does catenate in one construction with an -ing form: I can't help loving you - but help here means avoid / give up. Help also appears in similar-looking constructions with nounal -ing forms: This drug is given to help breathing.
That's the grammar, but using the infinitives loses the progressive sense. A rewrite would be:
I was learning English - and he was trying to help me.