From the Latin verb spirare we get respiration which is the entire process of air management, inspiration which is to breathe air in and expiration which is to breathe air out, which the OED tells me is transitive.

What is breathed out is air.

This process is involuntary in humans. We cannot stop it directly, though children sometimes attempt it as part of the tantrum pattern of the early years. They go pink and then breathe in.

The OED further says that the intransitive use is obsolete :

1729 R. Savage Wanderer i. 234 Thro' the bor'd rock above, the smoke expires.

There is a further transitive use listed :

II. To breathe one's last breath, die.

I would suggest that this is, also, an involuntary act. One cannot kill oneself, directly, by stopping breathing. One cannot determine to 'breathe one's last'. It isn't up to me when I wish to 'expire'.

I may wish to hurry the process by jumping from a height. (Not that I am going to do that, I have no desire to do so.) But I cannot stop breathing just because I wish to. It is an involuntary process governed by the brain stem functions, not a cognitive process involving the frontal lobes.

I believe the misunderstanding, and hence the slight complication of wording came about by the translation of αφηκεν apheken from aphieme, Strong 863 in Matthew 27:50, and similar places in the bible.

The KJV says 'gave up the Ghost' (meaning either spirit - or Spirit, by interpretation). Because Jesus did this, does not mean that I can do it.

It would seem this may have been the reason for certain wording being used - in previous generations - which is now obsolete.

I believe that death is not an active matter, when it arrives. Not unless one deliberately commits suicide. Therefore the word 'expire' in this sense does not have an 'active' counterpart, in this meaning. If I cannot, deliberately, 'expire myself' than I certainly cannot do it to someone else.

The other uses listed in the OED which relate to phases expiring, time expiring, rights and titles expiring - they are all involuntary matters save that when a space of time has been agreed, when it ceases it can be said to have expired.

But one does not (and can not) 'expire' time. Time takes time to come to an end. It cannot be hurried.

So the only active verb I can suggest as a counterpart to 'expire' is 'terminate'

If this were applied to a human, it would be an act of murder, of course. Or, in the special instance of switching off hospital equipment, it would be an act agreed upon by authorities - an admission that life had, actually, ceased and the body was being kept artificially supported by mechanical means.

It is also the verb used on occasions when a foetus in the womb is deliberately 'terminated'.

TERMINATE :

a. To bring to an end, put an end to, cause to cease.

OED

From the Latin verb spirare we get respiration which is the entire process of air management, inspiration which is to breathe air in and expiration which is to breathe air out, which the OED tells me is transitive.

What is breathed out is air.

This process is involuntary in humans. We cannot stop it directly, though children sometimes attempt it as part of the tantrum pattern of the early years. They go pink and then breathe in.

The OED further says that the intransitive use is obsolete :

1729 R. Savage Wanderer i. 234 Thro' the bor'd rock above, the smoke expires.

There is a further transitive use listed :

II. To breathe one's last breath, die.

I would suggest that this is, also, an involuntary act. One cannot kill oneself, directly, by stopping breathing. One cannot determine to 'breathe one's last'. It isn't up to me when I wish to 'expire'.

I may wish to hurry the process by jumping from a height. (Not that I am going to do that, I have no desire to do so.) But I cannot stop breathing just because I wish to. It is an involuntary process governed by the brain stem functions, not a cognitive process involving the frontal lobes.

I believe the misunderstanding, and hence the slight complication of wording came about by the translation of αφηκεν apheken from aphieme, Strong 863 in Matthew 27:50, and similar places in the bible.

The KJV says 'gave up the Ghost' (meaning either spirit - or Spirit, by interpretation). Because Jesus did this, does not mean that I can do it.

It would seem this may have been the reason for certain wording being used - in previous generations - which is now obsolete.

I believe that death is not an active matter, when it arrives. Not unless one deliberately commits suicide. Therefore the word 'expire' in this sense does not have an 'active' counterpart, in this meaning. If I cannot, deliberately, 'expire myself' than I certainly cannot do it to someone else.

The other uses listed in the OED relate to phases expiring, time expiring, rights and titles expiring : are all involuntary matters save that when a space of time has been agreed, then - when it ceases - it can be said to have expired.

But one does not (and can not) 'expire' time. Time takes time to come to an end. It cannot be hurried.

So the only active verb I can suggest as a counterpart to 'expire' is 'terminate'

If this were applied to a human, it would be an act of murder, of course. Or, in the special instance of switching off hospital equipment, it would be an act agreed upon by authorities : an admission that life had, actually, ceased and the body was being kept artificially supported by mechanical means.

It is also the verb used on occasions when a foetus in the womb is deliberately 'terminated'.

TERMINATE :

a. To bring to an end, put an end to, cause to cease.

OED

From the Latin verb spirare we get respiration which is the entire process of air management, inspiration which is to breathe air in and expiration which is to breathe air out, which the OED tells me is transitive.

What is breathed out is air.

This process is involuntary in humans. We cannot stop it directly, though children sometimes attempt it as part of the tantrum pattern of the early years. They go pink and then breathe in.

The OED further says that the intransitive use is obsolete :

1729 R. Savage Wanderer i. 234 Thro' the bor'd rock above, the smoke expires.

There is a further transitive use listed :

II. To breathe one's last breath, die.

I would suggest that this is, also, an involuntary act. One cannot kill oneself, directly, by stopping breathing. One cannot determine to 'breathe one's last'. It isn't up to me when I wish to 'expire'.

I may wish to hurry the process by jumping from a height. (Not that I am going to do that, I have no desire to do so.) But I cannot stop breathing just because I wish to. It is an involuntary process governed by the brain stem functions, not a cognitive process involving the frontal lobes.

I believe the misunderstanding, and hence the slight complication of wording came about by the translation of αφηκεν apheken from aphieme, Strong 863 in Matthew 27:50, and similar places in the bible.

The KJV says 'gave up the Ghost' (meaning either spirit - or Spirit, by interpretation). Because Jesus did this, does not mean that I can do it.

It would seem this may have been the reason for certain wording being used - in previous generations - which is now obsolete.

I believe that death is not an active matter, when it arrives. Not unless one deliberately commits suicide. Therefore the word 'expire' in this sense does not have an 'active' counterpart, in this meaning. If I cannot, deliberately, 'expire myself' than I certainly cannot do it to someone else.

The other uses listed in the OED which relate to phases expiring, time expiring, rights and titles expiring - they are all involuntary matters save that when a space of time has been agreed, when it ceases it can be said to have expired.

But one does not (and can not) 'expire' time. Time takes time to come to an end. It cannot be hurried.

So the only active verb I can suggest as a counterpart to 'expire' is 'terminate'

If this were applied to a human, it would be an act of murder, of course. Or, in the special instance of switching off hospital equipment, it would be an act agreed upon by authorities - an admission that life had, actually, ceased and the body was being kept artificially supported by mechanical means.

It is also the verb used on occasions when a foetus in the womb is deliberately 'terminated'.

TERMINATE :

a. To bring to an end, put an end to, cause to cease.

OED

From the Latin verb spirare we get respiration which is the entire process of air management, inspiration which is to breathe air in and expiration which is to breathe air out, which the OED tells me is transitive.

What is breathed out is air.

This process is involuntary in humans. We cannot stop it directly, though children sometimes attempt it as part of the tantrum pattern of the early years. They go pink and then breathe in.

The OED further says that the intransitive use is obsolete :

1729 R. Savage Wanderer i. 234 Thro' the bor'd rock above, the smoke expires.

There is a further transitive use listed :

II. To breathe one's last breath, die.

I would suggest that this is, also, an involuntary act. One cannot kill oneself, directly, by stopping breathing. One cannot determine to 'breathe one's last'. It isn't up to me when I wish to 'expire'.

I may wish to hurry the process by jumping from a height. (Not that I am going to do that, I have no desire to do so.) But I cannot stop breathing just because I wish to. It is an involuntary process governed by the brain stem functions, not a cognitive process involving the frontal lobes.

I believe the misunderstanding, and hence the slight complication of wording came about by the translation of αφηκεν apheken from aphieme, Strong 863 in Matthew 27:50, and similar places in the bible.

The KJV says 'gave up the Ghost' (meaning either spirit - or Spirit, by interpretation). Because Jesus did this, does not mean that I can do it.

It would seem this may have been the reason for certain wording being used - in previous generations - which is now obsolete.

I believe that death is not an active matter, when it arrives. Not unless one deliberately commits suicide. Therefore the word 'expire' in this sense does not have an 'active' counterpart, in this meaning. If I cannot, deliberately, 'expire myself' than I certainly cannot do it to someone else.

The other uses listed in the OED which relate to phases expiring, time expiring, rights and titles expiring - they are all involuntary matters save that when a space of time has been agreed, when it ceases it can be said to have expired.

But one does not (and can not) 'expire' time. Time takes time to come to an end. It cannot be hurried.

So the only active verb I can suggest as a counterpart to 'expire' is 'terminate'

If this were applied to a human, it would be an act of murder, of course. Or, in the special instance of switching off hospital equipment, it would be an act agreed upon by authorities - an admission that life had, actually, ceased and the body was being kept artificially supported by mechanical means.

It is also the verb used on occasions when a foetus in the womb is deliberately 'terminated'.

TERMINATE :

a. To bring to an end, put an end to, cause to cease.

OED