I did a quick search for Ancient Greek words with this meaning and found:
from the Greek [ὀψέ][2] (opsé, “late”) and [μανθάνω][3] (manthánō, “I learn”), which, in the wiki, is linked to "late bloomer".
At first I thought this was a purely modern medical term, but I did find an entry in some [Ancient Greek lexicons][4], and it appears in Lucian, Isocrates, Plato, Epicurus, Cicero, Xenophon, and Theophrastus.
[2]: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Do)ye%2F [3]: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=manqa%2Fnw&la=greek&can=manqa%2Fnw0 [4]: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=oyimaqh%2Fs&la=greek [5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucian [6]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocrates