Consider counterproductive and detrimental.
counterproductive: thwarting the achievement of an intended goal; tending to defeat one's purpose Random House
I helped him cheat his way through college, which eventuated in being counterproductive, since now he has no job.
detrimental: causing loss or injury; harmful; damaging Random House
Alternately, double-edged, or the phrase work against someone, might fit the bill.
I helped him cheat his way through college; now he has no job. I did him a double-edged favor.
I helped him cheat his way through college, which eventually worked against him, since now he has no job.