How about (ultima) Thule, a mediaeval term used to denote “any distant place located beyond the ‘borders of the known world’”?
It’s a town and former municipality in the north of Greenland as well, named for its remoteness.
Or perhaps, if you’re fond of comics, Faroffistan (from a 1958 Dumbo strip by Carl Fallberg and Paul Murry). In the Scandinavian translations of this strip, the word Langtbortistan (Danish)/Långtbortistan (Swedish) was coined, and this term has since become a common word in both languages to describe a more or less fictional, remote place.