I was wondering if prepositional phrases alone were strong enough to bring the relative pronoun the before the nouns that they modify.
Upon reading (2) do you feel the people is restricted or specified with the because they are already mentioned before? Or, the sentence (2) standing alone, do you feel the people has the because of in Japan?
- People in Japan speak Japanese.
People in Japan speak Japanese.
The people in Japan speak Japanese.
- The people in Japan speak Japanese.
Also, do you think my paraphrases are correct (is it wrong to use that are here)?
- People in Japan speak Japanese. = People [that are] in Japan speak Japanese. = Probably many but not necessarily all the people [that are] in Japan speak Japanese.
People in Japan speak Japanese. = People [that are] in Japan speak Japanese. = Probably many but not necessarily all the people [that are] in Japan speak Japanese.
The people in Japan speak Japanese. = The people [that are] in Japan speak Japanese. = All the people [that are] in Japan speak Japanese.
- The people in Japan speak Japanese. = The people [that are] in Japan speak Japanese. = All the people [that are] in Japan speak Japanese.