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3 votes
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Where can I find an "official" list of English graphemes?

If you look at the various spellings for each given phoneme listed in Wikipedia’s section on “Sound to Spelling Correspondences” in their article on English Orthography, this may help. I’ve looked a …
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1 vote

Is schwa always from vowel reductions?

In comments, John Lawler answered: No, some schwas are phonemic in English. The stressed [ʌ] in butt and stump is a phonemic schwa. There is no contrast among central vowels, so all of [ʌ], [ə], [ɜ], …
1 vote

vowel reduction phoneme overlapped

The way native speakers know which word is said is always by the distinct phonemes found in the unreduced syllables, so in this case, the first syllable of each respective word listed. …
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6 votes
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How many phonemes are in the word “queen”?

Phonemically, the consonant cluster at the start of queen is usually analysed as two successive phonemes, a stop and a glide (or semivowel), so as /kw/ not as the labialized /kʷ/. … That means the phonemes of queen are /kwin/. Compare twin /twɪn/ in which we again have four not three phonemes. …
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2 votes

What’s the difference between /ӕ/ and /ɑ/?

æ The near-open front unrounded vowel, or near-low front unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents …
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6 votes

What are common words in which written ‹i› is pronounced as the phoneme /ai/?

Here is a short list of common words with phonemes indicated via a special diacritic as a brief demonstration of the inescapable problems you cannot avoid. … I’ve encoded which one of the four phonemes applies on each use via a specific ad-hoc diacritic: Phonemic /ai/ is written í in this list. Phonemic /i/ is written î in this list. …
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1 vote

Looking for a minimal triple with /ɑ, ɒ, ɔ/

Minimal triple: Bach’s, box, balks On his website, Rick Aschmann provides the answer of Bach’s / box / balks as a minimal triple for /ɑ, ɒ, ɔ/, which applies only to those speakers with neither the fa …
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7 votes

Looking for a minimal triple with /ɑ, ɒ, ɔ/

I believe I’ve just discovered something that sheds light on this mystery. Peter Shore kindly pointed out this vowel chart, in which figure the following two charts (amongst others). First, the Ame …
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35 votes

Psychology of diphthongs

Phonemically it’s still just /no/, not /now/ or /noʷ/ or /noʊ̯/ or /nəɵ̯/ or whatnot, because those are not phonemes in English. … This is why your fifteen-year-old didn’t think of [oʷ] and [eʲ] as diphthongs, just as the basic phonemes /o/ and /e/. …
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1 vote

Is the North American /æ/ sound more like /a/ or /ɛ/?

After Eduardo's clarification that by /a/ from Brazilian Portuguese (a mid vowel) he meant something like the Spanish and Italian /a/ (also mid vowels), I can confirm that the American /æ/ phoneme is …
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