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The subject of "give" is "who", and since "give" is understood as a present tense verb, it must have plural subject agreement -- with singular agreement we would get "who gives", instead. The subject …

Your i) is ungrammatical. But ii) is pretty good, though sounding a bit archaic. I googled "Does not the sun" and got some hits, including "Just as a hydrogen bomb explodes instantly, why does not t …

It's a wh question: "Q [A means of ... has been found by wh+some conceivable art]", where there is a questioned constituent, "some conceivable art", which becomes "what conceivable art", then a phras …

The expressions you are interested in are ordinarily constituents of root sentences. Root sentence is an expression type introduced by Joseph Emonds. A root sentence is a sentence that occurs indepen …

The requirement of "parallelism" is that the conjunction "and" should connect phrases of the same grammatical category, and the constituent formed will be of this same category. Auxiliary verbs are f …

In the example, you is a resumptive pronoun. It should be omitted, since it is coreferential with the relative pronoun who of the relative clause, yet it cannot be omitted because of an island constr …

A commonly used term for the "that" in "They were happy that the bus came" is complementizer. It is added at the beginning of the sentence "the bus came" in order to convert it into the complement "t …

"Sometimes" is bad toward the middle: sometimes the fish must have been being eaten for hours the fish sometimes must have been being eaten for hours the fish must sometimes have been being ea …

An often used diagnostic for the category of a constituent is coordination with "and". Generally, but with some exceptions, only constituents of the same grammatical category can be coordinated with …

I think we are missing a comma. Put one after "share", so we have: "... had even more than the usual share, of all such ...". That sounds much better, to me. Now this phrase revises and amplifies the …

"It is not possible to keep abreast of the normal tides of acquisition." not [S [NP [S unspecified keep abreast of the normal tides of acquisition ] ] is possible ] That is, it is the negation of a …

James McCawley, in his book on English grammar The Syntactic Phenomena of English, argues that such appositive constructions, though they go next to noun phrases, are not part of those phrases. He ca …

The sentence is not grammatical in English (I don't know why). Your two renderings into pseudo-English are logically equivalent.

My guess is that the referent of "which" is "prayer and mortification", and that "which" is the logical object of "laid aside". So prayer and mortification, which, ♦ because Luther laid aside, …

What a lot of wrong answers! (Except for John's, of course.) In "You need to practise your proofreading.", the subject of "need" is (as you say) "you", and the object of "need" is "to practice your pr …