Your question is a little bit complicated to me, but do you mean a *[self-referencing][1]* word? 

If so, then it is usually called an [autological word][2] or an autonym.


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**[Autogram][3]** - A sentence that describes itself in the sense of providing an inventory of its own characters. 

>This sentence has five words.

>This sentence contains nine syllables.


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**Reflexive** (sentence)

A sentence where the subject and object are the same (Sources: Reflexive [verb][4], [pronoun][5]).

>The man washed himself.

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**[Hofstadster's Law][6]**

Hofstadter's law is a self-referential time-related adage, coined by Douglas Hofstadter and named after him.

> Any task you're planning to complete will always take longer than expected - even when Hofstadter's law is taken into account. **Even if you know a project will overrun, and build that knowledge into your planning, it'll simply overrun your new estimated finish time, too**, Hofstadter says.

(Source: [The Guardian][7])

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[Post hoc ergo propter hoc][8]

Latin for *after this, therefore because of this*. It means a logical fallacy (of the questionable cause variety) that states "Since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X." Sometimes shortened **post hoc**.

>The server was working fine until you started working here. Therefore, you must be the reason why it's broken.

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**[Recursion][9]**

Recursion is the process of repeating items in a self-similar way. (Warning: Has many applications outside of language as well.)

>To understand recursion, you must understand recursion.





  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-reference
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autological_word
  [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autogram
  [4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb
  [5]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_pronoun
  [6]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstadter%27s_law
  [7]: http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/aug/02/healthandwellbeing.psychology
  [8]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc
  [9]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion#Recursion_in_language