Well, that's not quite the way to put it. Those paired modals do not really mean 'Present' and 'Past', respectively. Or, if they **do**, then _must_ has to be considered to be Past, with a Present form that's missing.

Here's how it works. In English, the modal auxiliary verbs have been formed historically from present and preterite stems -- that's where the 'Present' and 'Past' stories come from; **but** all the inflected forms based on them have been lost. So English modal auxiliaries are units, uninflectable and fixed in form, each with its own set of idiomatic, irregular, illogical, unpredictable, and constantly changing grammar and usage rules.

There is one context in which some of these pairs do function in time reference, e.g,

 - *When I was young, I **could** do 100 pushups; now I **can** only do 99.*

But not all of them, and not usually; what could this sentence even mean?

 - *_When I was young, I **should** do 100 pushups; now I **shall** only do 99._

Plus [most of the actual uses of modals][1] refer to the present or future, not the past. 

And, to top it off, _must_ comes from the **Past** root of the modal, not the Present. German, which didn't lose the inflected forms of its modals, has _muss_ as the present tense form and _musste_ as the past.

 - *Er muss schlafen.* 'He must/has to sleep'
 - *Er musste schlafen.* 'He had to sleep'

Nobody knows why English didn't keep the present form of _must_, but it didn't. However, it doesn't matter in the long run, because `Present/Past` is the least of the differences between modals. [There's also the distinctions][2] between `Possible` and `Necessary`, `Epistemic` and `Deontic`, and `Auxiliary` and `Periphrastic`, among others. Modals are complicated.
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EDIT: To see just **how** complicated, here's the OED etymology, as promised in comments, for the _mote_ (v) in _So mote it be!_, which is the only remnant left in English of the present tense of what became _must_.

>[A WGer. and Gothic preterite-present verb (wanting in Scandinavian): OE; mót corresp. to OFris. môt, OS. môt, muot may, must (Dutch moet must), OHG., MHG. muo/enticons/hgz.gif may, must (mod.G. muss must), Goth. ga-mo-macr.gift (it) has room, related to OHG. muohgz.gifa (mod.G. musse) leisure:-OTeut. type *momacr.giftamacr.gif. 

The primary sense seems to be that preserved in Gothic, from which the sense 'is permitted, may' can easily have been developed. The transition from this to the sense 'is obliged, must' is more difficult to explain; it may have arisen from the use in negative contexts, where the two senses ('may not', 'must not') are nearly coincident.

  [1]: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jlawler/Modality.pdf
  [2]: http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/aue/modals.html