**Vector**

What you describe are referred to as row vectors and column vectors. (Collectively, they are vectors.)

For example, in linear algebra, a row in a matrix represents the coefficients of one linear equation from a system of linear equations. Taken alone, that row is considered a vector (a row vector), and can just as easily be used to calculate the solution for that single linear equation. The "vector dot product" is used with a row vector and a column vector. [Here is a link to a simple explanation][1] for those less familiar with this concept. This picture (from the article) illustrates the idea:

![enter image description here][2]

While the picture also illustrates a column matrix, it's a degenerative case where there is only one column [x y z] in the matrix. But the concept can be extended over multiple columns, where the result of multiplying a row by a column follows the same vector dot product process.  

Less common in the context, **Tuple** is an ordered list of elements. As [this article in Wikipedia][3] states, a tuple can be used to represent other objects in mathematics (besides a simple list of elements), with vectors being the first example. You might consider **"tuple"** to be a **hypernym of "vector"**. 

When it comes to tables like spreadsheets, I would consider some cases of a delineated part of a column or of a row to be a **list**. (I say "delineated part" because the spreadsheet array is so expansive that we often might put multiple independent tables and arbitrary objects in an array.)


  [1]: http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/systems-linear-equations-matrices.html
  [2]: https://i.sstatic.net/rHQJH.gif
  [3]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuple