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I am confused about which of the two is grammatically correct:

  1. Were you seen by him, he would have been surprised.
  2. Were you be seen by him, he would have been surprised.
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  • I think what you really wanted to ask is which is grammatical of the two sentences: "were you seen by him, he would be surprised", and "were you to be seen by him, he would be surprised". My feeling is that they're both grammatical, that both sound old-fashioned and would probably be worded differently nowadays, but that the first construction is more outdated than the second.
    – Peter Shor
    Jun 20, 2012 at 18:21

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Neither is grammatical. It should be

Had you been seen by him, he would have been surprised.

The second is obviously wrong, since it has an extra "be" in it which shouldn't be there. But the first also uses the wrong tense.

Let's analyze this by untangling the passive (which makes it very confusing). First, removing the inversion, you get "you were seen by him". The active voice construction corresponding to "you were seen by him" is "he saw you". So, taking the first clause out of the passive, you get

*If he saw you, he would have been surprised.

But these tenses don't agree. It should be

If he had seen you, he would have been surprised.

Putting this back in the passive, and putting back the inversion, the correct phrasing is: "Had you been seen by him, he would have been surprised."

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The first is okay. The second is wrong. "Be" serves no purpose in the sentence.

Better still would be, "If he had seen you ...", as this avoids the odd shift from passive voice to active voice.

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The first. Also, "Had you been seen by him...". I think "Were" includes the verb "to be" so adding "be" is unnecessary and awkward.

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  • Were you seen is more correct due to the possibility of seeing a person.
    – Umesh
    Jun 20, 2012 at 15:00
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I suppose first one is correct, "Were you seen by him, he would have been surprised."

As Charles said, adding "be" is unnecessary and awkward.

"Were" is more correct because, You are not seen more probably. Usage of 'were' For example,

"If I were famous, I would help the poor." (It is sure that I am not famous)

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  • The subjunctive is the same as the indicative in this case, since "you was" is always ungrammatical.
    – Peter Shor
    Jun 20, 2012 at 15:35

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