I can decide accurately which to use in a given context, but I can't make out the actual difference in definition between "special" and "especial". I have searched two authoritative dictionaries to no avail.
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4 Answers
In every use, especial can be replaced by special with no change in meaning. The word special does have some meanings especial does not have, such as "of or relating to a species" and as a euphemism for handicapped. Also, the phrase a special to mean an unusual offer or deal has no corresponding form with especial.
answered Mar 31, 2012 at 6:47
I agree with all that David Schwartz wrote in his answer. However, I think someone should tell you that almost nobody uses the word "especial." See this NGram of special vs. especial, corpus English, 1800-2008. (The NGram looks similar for both British English and American English.)
I think especial sounds affected. Can you give us an example of a sentence in which you think you might use it?
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8Note that the reverse is true for specially vs. especially. Mar 31, 2012 at 14:03
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But note that only 'special' can be used as a noun. For example, "Check out the 'specials; on the menu (and not the especials*). Also, in writing, stick to 'especially' rather than 'specially', as the latter is considered informal.
Special conveys a sense of unusual quality. Especial conveys a sense of more specificity. Compare: "This is a special gift for you." with "This gift is especially for you."
