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I want to translate the following Spanish sentence into English:
Tengo menos de treinta años.
By the way the speaker of this Spanish sentence means that he/she is not yet thirty years old. I think in English something like the following might be correct but I can't be sure.
I am younger than thirty years old.
Or
I have less than thirty years of age.
There are a lot of ways to communicate something about your age, and a lot of them depend on the social aspects and pragmatics (the implications of what you say).
Grammatically, in English, they all use 'to be' rather than the usual Romance 'to have'.
From your title question, it seems the social situation is that you are not saying exactly the number of years since your birth. But for reference that would be:
I am 27 years old.
But to say it without the exact age, you'd say something like:
I'm almost thirty.
I'm about thirty.
I'm in my twenties.
I'm in my late twenties.
I'm having a hard time imagining someone naturally saying "I am not yet 30", unless the query were something specific like "We're looking for someone 30 or older? How about you?" and a similar situation would apply to "I am younger than thirty.". You word for word translation "I am less than 30" is, while grammatically correct, and semantically correct, just not how you say it in English, and sounds a bit robotic, and overly mathematical.
"I am less than thirty years old" would be the most common way of saying that. Your first suggestion ("I am younger than thirty years old") and the expression in your title ("I am not yet thirty years old") would be correct, too. Your second suggestion would be nonstandard, because in English we generally don't speak of "having" years to indicate an age.
By the way, "years old" may be dropped in any of those.
Note that when you speak of age, unlike Romance languages, English uses the verb be, not have. Depending on what you want to stress you could say
I am not yet thirty (but will soon get there)
or
I am still in my twenties (but not for long)
or
I am in my late twenties.
You could also say
I'll soon be thirty/reach the age of thirty.
