Which of these is grammatically correct??
“Whomever’s application is denied will wish to re-register next year.”
“Whoever’s application is denied will wish to re-register next year.”
The first half of the sentence makes “whomever” appropriate, but then the second half leans toward use of “whoever”.
Your thoughts would be appreciated!
[Who(m)ever’s application is denied] will wish to re-register next year.
The bracketed element is best analysed as a noun phrase in a fused relative construction functioning as subject of the sentence.
The fusion involves the pronoun "whoever", which is simultaneously determiner and head of the whole noun phrase (hence the term 'fused'). It has to satisfy the case requirements of both the relative clause and the matrix clause in which the whole NP is functioning, and since the pronoun is head of the subject NP, there is a preference here for "whoever".
The verb phrase "will wish to re-register next year" requires a personal (human) head noun, which rules out the non-personal noun "application". This leaves only the pronoun "whoever" as a possible head, which makes sense since it’s not the application that will wish to re-register, but some unspecified person(s).
The meaning is comparable to the non-fused “[Any person whose application is denied] will wish to re-register next year”, where the relative clause “whose application is denied” is modifying the head noun person”. Here are the two constructions for comparative purposes:
[Whoever’s application is denied] will wish to re-register next year.
[Any person whose application is denied] will wish to re-register next year.
As stated by tchrist in another question/answer,
The relative pronoun takes the case of the function it serves in the subordinate clause.
Your sentence doesn't actually have whoever in a subordinate clause. In fact, the subject of will wish to re-register is the application itself: "Whichever application is denied will wish to..."
The correct pronoun here is whose: "Anyone whose application is denied will wish to re-register."
If you really want to use a form of whoever, then that sentence makes clear it must be the subjective form, not the objective, because the whoever is the subject of will:
Anyone whoever whose application is denied will wish to re-register...
But the version starting with Anyone whose is more felicitous, I think.
You need a subject for "is denied"; it can't be any other noun than "application": that's what is being denied. You then need a subject for "will wish to register", and that can't be any other word than "whomever", basically; by itself it is not sufficient for being a subject, it must be modified ; however you used the object case for this pronoun (whomever); since it has to be a subject, then the subject case (also called nominative case) has to be chosen, and that is "whoever". So this is a first error. A second error is the combining of two subjects in a single noun phrase: that is not possible. Using two noun phrases (whoever, his application denied) here is what you should write so as to keep to your choice of terms.
The subject of "has…denied" is "whoever". The subject of "will wish to register" is the relative clause "Whoever has his application denied", where "has his application denied" makes precise what group of people is concerned.
You noticed that the verb "to be" could not be retained in this formulation; that is because, semantically, it can't express the necessary verbal relation there exists between "whoever" and "application" (application is denied to someone → someone has an application denied).
