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Here is a sentence from the example essay of Cambridge IELTS 10, Test 1:
"This kind but firm approach will achieve more than harsh punishment, which might entail many negative consequences unintended by the parents."
My question is that why a adjective "unintended" is used after a verb "entail"?
"Unintended" is a past participle that introduces a passive, reduced relative clause
"many negative consequences unintended by the parents." = many negative consequences that were unintended by the parents."
Compare the use of the continuous participle that introduces an active reduced relative clause
"many negative consequences surprising the parents." =many negative consequences that surprised the parents."
This kind but firm approach will achieve more than harsh punishment, which might entail many negative consequences [unintended by the parents].
"Unintended" is not an adjective here, but a past participle verb heading the bracketed past-participial clause modifying "consequences".
Past-participials (and gerund-participials) as modifiers in noun phrase structure are semantically similar to relative clauses: cf. "negative consequences which are unintended by the parents", but we don't analyse them as relative clauses since there is no possibility of them containing a relative phrase (cf. *"consequences which unintended by the parents").
Past-participial modifiers are 'bare' passives, as evident from the admissibility of a by phrase.
