Is there a word for an animal that eats only one type of food? The giant panda, for example, only eats bamboo; koalas only eat eucalyptus leaves. "Monovore" would be ideal, but I don't believe that word exists (at least, it's not in the OED). So an obvious sample sentence would be: "The giant panda is a/an ***** as it only eats bamboo".
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Lotsofwords.com provides pretty comprehensive-looking lists for words ending -wxyz say. I've had fun looking through the words (and, as they admit, candidate words) ending in -vore on the relevant 'page', but have found no term with the meaning you desire. ... 'Univore' has been used, albeit 'metaphorically' [Glosbe.com // ScienceDirect]. – Edwin Ashworth Feb 16 at 15:16
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1An animal that eats just one kind of food is pre-extinct... – RonJohn Feb 17 at 15:38
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They are all pre-exstinct, but some co-evolve – Phil Sweet Feb 17 at 17:12
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1It usually works better if you don't try to mix Latin with Greek, and stick to one of them (either one). – Marc Glisse Feb 17 at 21:27
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@RonJohn an egg contains everything necessary to grow a hatchling. Do egg-eating snakes eat anything except eggs? The same comment may apply to seeds, but AFAIK all birds need to feed their chicks on insects even if they are seed-eating herbivores as adults. Non-birds? – nigel222 Feb 18 at 11:57
Monophagous
: feeding on or utilizing a single kind of food especially : feeding on a single kind of plant or animal
From Merrim Webster Online :monophagous
The noun is monophage.
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While the answer is correct for the question as it is expressed in the title, the question is wrong/misleading in its detail. The koala does not, from a scientific perspective, “eat one type of food”. It eats a range of quite different eucalypts species (including monkeygum, various stringybarks, woollybut, red iron bark and silver-top ash), and must do so to stay healthy. There is no denying it is a very fussy specialised eater, but most scientists would call it oligophagous (merriam-webster.com/dictionary/oligophagous). – Orbital Aussie Feb 18 at 11:49
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1The panda might also be called an oligophage in some circumstances - where two bamboo species are available it will eat both to secure a wider range of nutrients. The word monophagous is most often applied to invertebrates - for example butterfly species that that will only lay their eggs on, and eat, one particular plant species. – Orbital Aussie Feb 18 at 11:57
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1@OrbitalAussie Yes, and I happen to be an amateur entomologist a long way from Oz. I think your comment would best be a separate answer, or I can edit my answer later when I get home. – Phil Sweet Feb 18 at 12:00
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Great. You are welcome to just incorporate my comments into your answer. It is after all fundamentally correct. By the way, this is a reference for the diet of koalas in a particular location (they eat different eucalypts in different locations around the country): aph.gov.au/… – Orbital Aussie Feb 18 at 12:11
I prefer the less common but more poetic monovore.
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1You should include a dictionary source & definition for your chosen word. – KillingTime Feb 18 at 6:56
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This was already mentioned in the OP as a potentially good word that however might not exist. – Ruslan Feb 18 at 8:44
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2Better to use the existing monophage which doesn't mix Latin and Greek the way 'monovore' would. – pickarooney Feb 18 at 8:56
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@killingtime If we all abided by that constraint, we'd never get any new words. – pgayed Feb 18 at 19:55
