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It is encouraged or discouraged the usage of "By+ gerunds" in english formal writing?. If it is not encouraged, how you can explain this situations without using it.

Example: by studying arts kids improve their performance in school

Thanks!!

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We presume there is no such inhibition for using BY+GERUND combination. What's to be looked into is that by doing so the sentence doesn't become wordy or heavy.

  • By studying arts, kids improve their performance at school.

It doesn't strike any discordant note and is fine.

  • Reading makes a half man, writing makes a full man.

You can make it passive or write it the other way round.

  • By reading you are made a half man ... or

  • A half man is made by reading...

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