There is a proverb in Hindi language
हाथी चले बाज़ार कुत्ते भौंकें हज़ार
Literal English translation:
Elephant goes to the bazar; Thousands of dogs bark
It figuratively means when a person progresses with something or succeeds, the people often vilify him and protest. (So let them do what they do. A high-level person doesn't need anything to stop progressing or succeeding)
The proverb:
the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on
although of foreign (probably Turkish) origin, is listed in Farlex Dictionary of Idioms.
Consider also:
sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me
A common childhood chant meaning hurtful words cannot cause any physical pain and thus will be ignored or disregarded. I've never been affected by people's criticism—sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.
For origin, see: Sticks and Stones
"Haters goin' to hate" fits pretty well. Includes the existence of critics, and the inevitability of critics (for success or otherwise) and that life must go on.
There's a common English expression, sour grapes, which is fairly close to the meaning you describe.
Strictly speaking, it refers someone who is bitter over something he cannot have:
What's the meaning of the phrase 'Sour grapes'?
Acting meanly after a disappointment.
What's the origin of the phrase 'Sour grapes'?
In the fable The Fox and the Grapes, which is attributed to the ancient Greek writer Aesop, the fox isn't able to reach the grapes and declares them to be sour:
A famished Fox saw some clusters of ripe black grapes hanging from a trellised vine. She resorted to all her tricks to get at them, but wearied herself in vain, for she could not reach them. At last she turned away, beguiling herself of her disappointment, and saying: "The Grapes are sour, and not ripe as I thought."
https://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/sour-grapes.html
However you will often hear this meaning extended to a person who is envious of someone else's success. For example, this snippet appears in an online blog that is discussing the tremendous financial success of Apple:
Apple is the second largest computer maker IN THE WORLD. This year or next, analysts predict they will become the largest computer maker in the world, bar none. So, is the negativity really caused by a "Bad Apple" or is it just "sour grapes" from people who still think it is 1995?
Not very common, but applicable:
It is in the character of very few men to honor without envy a friend who has prospered.
-- Aeschylus
