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Past participles are used as adjective in English language. But I have found a sentence on the internet.
As She was looking at me shocked.
I do not know whether this sentence is right or wrong. Because in this sentence shocked is a past participle that has been used as an adverb. I have never learnt that a past participle can be used as an adverb. I want to know whether a past participle can be used as an adverb or not.
Participles, and adjectives as well, can be used like this in the right structure. This use is called praedicative. A praedicative adjective or participle can be said to modify a noun group (often the subject) syntactically and semantically, while it also 'modifies' the praedicate as a whole semantically (functioning a bit like an adverb). Examples:
She arrived first.
She slugged along sullen and humiliated.
She sped up using her spurs.
She looked at me happy and satisfied.
She looked at me happily. [This is not an adjective but a plain adverb.]
She looked at me happily and satisfied.[Somehow, a true adverb cannot be combined with an 'adverbial' praedicative participle here, even though either can be used alone with the exact same meaning.]
Even though subject and object complements are usually not called praedicative, they could also be so categorised. On the one hand, they assign a property or identity to the subject or object; on the other, they could be said to modify the praedicate and function a bit like an adverb:
She appeared quickly.
She appeared in a fine stola.
She appeared in a hurry.
She appeared hurried.
She appeared flustered.
In the examples above, you can see how the (what we call) copular use of appear and the non-copular use are sometimes hard to distinguish. One probably originated in the other. It is therefore also sometimes difficult to categorise the complement as either adverbial or subject complement. And that is normally typical of the praedicate use of adjectives/participles.
She was Roman.
She was of Rome.
She was in Rome.
She was Agrippina.
She was like Livia.
