I’ll often tell a colleague “Hey {name}, I need a sounding board” or “Hey, {name}, let me bounce this off you”.
Merriam-Webster (1c) defines sounding board as “a person or group on whom one tries out an idea or opinion as a means of evaluating it”, but the actual usage in this context is more accurately described by Urban Dictionary - “A sounding board is a good listener, and either confirms what they hear or offers an opinion when [what] they hear is "off key".”.
Bouncing an idea off ... has been the subject of a question here on ELU, and was answered well. Oxford simply defines it as “Share an idea with (someone) in order to refine it.”
Both usages should be considered informal/colloquial, just as are “wooden Indian”, “rubber duck”, and “nodding dog” mentioned in this question and its various answers.
A third phrase that I’ll occasionally use, in a semi-humorous vein, is semantically equivalent to either of the above: “Hey, {name}, I need a sanity check”. Strictly speaking, a request for a sanity check (see Wikipedia) is simply asking whether there is any obvious problem with the idea/code, but the actual usage tends to be closer to that of the other two phrases.