I don't think it's necessary (or desirable) to be too specific as to the exact activity you will be performing. It's sufficient to say you need to "use the washroom" (or bathroom, or restroom). The latter three nouns are more-or-less equivalent in some situations and regions and less so in others, so adapt to whatever is common where you are.
That said, I've seen people excuse themselves from long meetings saying that it was a for a "pee break".
In any case, if the need is of a more serious (as opposed to urgent) nature you can signal your intentions to not return immediately.
Non-native speakers often have somewhat awkward-sounding phrases for this- I've heard "I have to wash my hands" and "I have to make water", for example.