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Sample Conversation:

A: How are you?

B: I am mad.

A: How come?

I thought that how come was a logical word choice but upon speaking with somebody for whom English is a second language, I found that they did not understand the meaning. I am wondering if using how come in this manner is a form of slang.

For some reason saying "How come you are angry?" sounds like bad grammar.

I can imagine the use of "How come, when I talk to you, you are angry?" to be correct with that added phrase in the middle.

So my question is, is using how come as in the example conversational slang? And also is "How come you are angry?" proper English?

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6
  • Reminds me of wherefore.
    – Reid
    Aug 3, 2011 at 0:51
  • 1
    How come you to write thusly?
    – user179700
    Aug 3, 2011 at 5:26
  • Wouldn't it be better to rephrase the initial question, which should be something like: How come it is "how come" and not "how comes"? Isn't this the heart of the matter?
    – user58319
    Jul 18, 2015 at 16:27
  • I was about to ask the question myself, but saw that it had been satisfactorily answered, although I think it is not really satisfactorily asked…
    – user58319
    Jul 18, 2015 at 16:30
  • Provide corrections or addendum or alternative ways of asking. Feel free to edit my question, or add a post edit. Really this can be a wiki at this point. @user58319
    – Mallow
    Sep 4, 2015 at 5:48

4 Answers 4

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16

Looking in COCA, how come is very common in American English. It's used to mean why, in questions, and occasionally in statements:

How come the reporters aren't asking that?
And that's how come this song "This Land Is Your Land" became known throughout America.

If we break down the places it appears, a pattern emerges: how come is almost never used where formal writing is demanded, as in academic writing, but is frequently used where informality is okay, as in fiction dialogue and speech:

           TOTAL    SPOKEN  FICTION  MAGAZINE  NEWSPAPER   ACADEMIC
HOW COME   2689     882     1318     283       164         42

In American English, at least, how come? is informal, but probably not considered slang.

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4
  • That is a cool site, I will show all my foreign friends, I'll be more confident giving them answers when they ask me specific questions hehe. Thank you for all your research :)
    – Mallow
    Aug 4, 2011 at 4:47
  • It's also fairly common in AuE.
    – user867
    Jun 25, 2014 at 3:15
  • It's also common in BrE. IME its usage is not identical to that of "why": "why" is more "for what reason" and "how come" is more "from what cause", though I admit there's some overlap.
    – Rosie F
    Nov 25, 2019 at 18:54
  • To me "How come?" implies surprise or complicity, whereas "Why?" sound neutral and serious. "How come you aren't in class?" vs "Why aren't you in class?".
    – Oskar Limka
    Jan 23, 2022 at 20:56
13

I would guess that "How come?" is simply a shortening of "How does it come to be (that)?".

Some digging finds the quotation in the 16th century Foxe's Book of Martyrs XII

After this, Tyndale corrected the same New Testaments again, and caused them to be newly imprinted, so that they came thick and threefold over into England. When the bishop perceived that, he sent for Packington, and said to him, "How cometh this, that there are so many New Testaments abroad? You promised me that you would buy them all."

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4
  • This sounds interesting--do you have any further information on this?
    – simchona
    Aug 2, 2011 at 23:05
  • "How does it come to be ..." I would not have found this on my own but this makes a lot of sense. Thank you I might add this strange structure into my vocabulary haha. :)
    – Mallow
    Aug 4, 2011 at 4:47
  • Don't you rather think "how come" stands for "how has it come about that… (then mentioning a present state of things)" since the idea of present result is obviously what the person asking the question has in mind. Not that is makes a big difference, but I feel "come" is more probably a past participle on its own than a bare infinitive…
    – user58319
    Jul 18, 2015 at 16:18
  • @user58319: I suspect It was all present: How cometh ...? * to *How comes ...? and then a set phrase of How come?, perhaps with a past of How came ...? which is now rarely used.
    – Henry
    Jul 18, 2015 at 22:19
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So my question is, is using how come in the example conversational slang?

Yes, it is part of spoken speech, but very rarely in written speech.

And also, is "How come you are angry?" proper english?

No, "how come" is not proper English. It's colloquial, or informal. The actual phrase is "how came", as in:

How came you to be so angry?

But that sounds very archaic. Other possible origins are "How comes it to be..." or "How did it come about?"

The normal way to ask a question is "Why?"

A: How are you?
B: I am mad.
A: Why?
B: ...

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1
  • Colloquial that helps me alot thank you :) Thank you for the article.
    – Mallow
    Aug 4, 2011 at 4:52
2

It's not even that unique. In German it's not uncommon to say and write: "Wie kommt es, dass..." Literally in English: "How comes it, that..." So, to my 'native german ears' the "how come" actually sounds proper. I remember that it just appeared/felt a little short, like incomplete (thus confusing or funny) to me, when I heard it the first time.

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