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I created the following sign for my computer:
"Please do not turn off this computer."
My office mate told me that this should be the correct way to do it:
"Do not turn this computer off."
He said that the preposition should be at the end.
Is he correct?
The acceptability of "turn NP off" is controlled by the "heaviness" of the NP, as John Ross says in his dissertation. The lightest possible NP is a pronoun, and longer and more complicated NPs are heavier. The light NP "it" in "turn it off" cannot be moved after the particle "off": *"turn off it". The heavy NP in *"turn all the largest computers that all still in the main room off" must be moved to the end.
"This computer" in your example is of medium heaviness, so it needn't be moved to the end, but is heavy enough that it may be moved. Either order of object and particle is acceptable for the phrase you ask about.
Perhaps your office mate meant it's the "preferred" or "more common" way; neither is incorrect in American or British English.
I can think of two points that may help you decide which you'd prefer to use:
First, the phrase "this computer" can be removed entirely (since the meaning of the sign would be obvious in context). Doing so would make the phrases identical, with "turn" and "off" consecutive words.
Second, reversing the composition becomes "Please leave this computer on." The other phrasing, "Please leave on this computer," is awkward.
As an editor, I would go with "Please leave on" or "Please do not turn off" depending on your penchant for brevity. This question really comes down to personal preferences.
