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Is there any specific term to describe a phobia about future of relationship between humans and (intelligent) machines? One may think it could be Cyberphobia or Mechanophobia, however these options are far different from what a top scientist such as Stephen Hawking warns about: "the development of full artificial intelligence [AI] could spell the end of the human race."
No matter how much such a prediction is true and possible, how should refer to that?
Given that Homo Sapien essentially translates to "Wise like us" I think that a new sentience would be labeled as Sapien Superius and as such the ideal term for the unreasonable fear there of would be Sapiophobia, a fear of the wise. That is what I think it ought to be.
As it so happens there is Prosophobia, an irrational fear of progress.
Technophobia — M-W
noun fear or dislike of advanced technology or complex devices and especially computers
Robotophobia — Robots and Androids
Robophobia is an anxiety disorder in which the sufferer has an irrational fear of robots, drones, robot-like mechanics or artificial intelligence.
It frequently results in a panic attack and can be triggered by certain stimuli or situations, such as viewing a robot, being near a robot, or even just talking about robots. Some robophobic patients with find their anxiety levels rise when they are near most any autonomous machine, especial human-looking robots. This is similar to fears of luddites, but more specific to robots and AI.
Further reading only:
Technological singularity is an existential threat that someday these machines will turn against their masters (humans). It is a frequently appearing trope in movies. The construction "existential threat" is strange because it means ‘threat to existence’, rather than ‘threat that exists’.
Wikipedia — The technological singularity is a hypothetical event in which an upgradable intelligent agent (such as a computer running software-based artificial general intelligence) enters a 'runaway reaction' of self-improvement cycles, with each new and more intelligent generation appearing more and more rapidly, causing an intelligence explosion and resulting in a powerful super-intelligence whose cognitive abilities could be qualitatively as far above humans, as human intelligence is above ape intelligence.
Interesting article: Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and Bill Gates Warn About Artificial Intelligence
