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Daemon has an interesting usage in computing. From my local dictionary:
a background process that handles requests for services such as print spooling and file transfers, and is dormant when not required
Does anyone know where this came from? I assume its relation to the word demon is notable. My dictionary also lists daemon as an archaic form of demon. Why did computing use daemon instead of demon?
In this interesting history, which is the actual description of the origin of this use from Professor Corbato, he explains that daemon originally had the connotation of "an attendant ... or indwelling spirit" and that:
By the late 16th century, the general supernatural meaning was being distinguished with the spelling daemon, while the evil meaning remained with demon.
He goes on to share the story of Maxwell's daemon. Maxwell was a 19th century scientist who'd posed a physics problem in which a tiny daemon was the attendant at a gate between two chambers that was large enough for a single molecule to enter. The daemon observed the molecules and chose which ones to allow to pass through the gate.
So now we come to the crux of it. We have established a daemon as an attendant, and a scientist used a hypothetical daemon in a famous problem in which the daemon's job was to monitor molecular movement. Professor Corbato wraps up his explanation with
As you probably know, the "system processes" called daemons monitor other tasks and perform predetermined actions depending on their behavior. This is so reminiscent of Maxwell's daemon watching his molecules that we can only assume that whoever dubbed these "system processes" had Maxwell's daemon in mind.
The history also notes that Professor Saltzer, who also worked on Project MAC with Professor Corbato at the time "daemon" came into use for this purpose, confirms that this is the origin of daemon as it is used in computing.
According to Fernando J. Corbato who worked on Project MAC in 1963 his team is the first to use the term daemon. The use of the term daemon was inspired by Maxwell's daemon, in physics and thermodynamics as an imaginary agent which helped to sort molecules.
"We fancifully began to use the word daemon to describe background processes which worked tirelessly to perform system chores."
(...)
In the Unix System Administration Handbook, Evi Nemeth states the following about daemons:
"Many people equate the word "daemon" with the word "demon", implying some kind of satanic connection between UNIX and the underworld. This is an egregious misunderstanding. "Daemon" is actually a much older form of "demon"; daemons have no particular bias towards good or evil, but rather serve to help define a person's character or personality. The ancient Greeks' concept of a "personal daemon" was similar to the modern concept of a "guardian angel"—eudaemonia is the state of being helped or protected by a kindly spirit. As a rule, UNIX systems seem to be infested with both daemons and demons."
See a full explanation in the Daemon (computing) Wikipedia article.
According to https://kb.iu.edu/d/aiau, "Daemon" stands for Disk and Execution Monitor.
More information on this meaning here: www.techopedia.com: Disk and Execution Monitor (Daemon)
Extract:
What Does Disk and Execution Monitor (Daemon) Mean?
A disk and execution monitor (daemon) is a background process run in computer multitasking operating systems, usually at bootstrap time, to perform administrative changes or monitor services.
Common daemon processes include email handlers, print spoolers and other programs that perform OS administrative tasks. Daemons also perform specified operations at predefined times in response to events.
