In more than one language I know, when someone keeps nagging about a subject that you do not want to hear about but you have to because that person is your boss or your wife and their talking goes on and on until they cause damage to your brain, one says something that literally translates to they fucked my brain.
I know hit my nerve but that doesn't convey to what extent the damage is done to the brain, do you have anything much stronger?
I think the closest fit, albeit not as vulgar, is:
They chewed my ear off.
A harpy according to Dictionary.com is
So for example, you could say, 'I wish my wife would quit harping on me to take the trash out.'
To do someone's head in (British informal)
Defined under head, phrases (defn. 10) as:
make someone feel annoyed, confused or frustrated
'My relationship with my publicist was doing my head in.'
Source: ODO
Here are some ideas:
They got on my nerves. (You're right, this is not very strong.)
They drove me up the wall, drove me nuts, drove me up the wall, drove me crazy, drove me mad, drove me berserk.
He kept at me until I was ready to wring his neck.
They made my life a living hell. (My favorite)
Carping is a possibility, although it doesn't have the nuance of "brain damage via nagging".
From m-w.com: "Marked by or inclined to querulous and often perverse criticism."
My brains are dribbling out my ears is sometimes used when too much information is producing boredom and lack of focus. It's somewhat more general in meaning as it applies to any source of information, not just being spoken to, but it does have the advantage of implying brain damage like your non-English examples.
A Google search turns up quite a few examples of its use, primarily in pop culture like SF novels and an episode of "Buffy the Vampire Slayer".
