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I am writing for a scientific journal. I wish to express
The findings are only valid if the data spans at least 5 days, and the sample has not corrupted within that period of time.
I wish to find one clean word to be the substitute for the bold phrase. Something similar to therein?
Well clearly the word you need is 'therewhile'.
Unfortunately it is out of date and rarely used. The only current usage I can find is in patent law.
a second predetermined distance above an empty receptacle in said second array, said die being held within said intermediate receptacle therewhile, whereby said die falls said first predetermined distance from said initial array to said intermediate receptacle http://pminer.org/patent.do?m=viewPatent&id=344094
Throughout, in the sense of:
From beginning to end of (an event or period of time):
would seem to apply, but I wouldn't use it. The problem with a one word solution like that (and particularly that one, which is the only one that comes to my mind at the moment) is that it would lead to ambiguity. Is it the sample that has corrupted "throughout", or does "throughout" refer to the period that the sample existed?
To improve the succinctness without losing meaning or introducing ambiguity, I'd simply drop the "of time" expression. After all, in this context could "that period" be anything other than a period of time?
The findings are valid only if the data span at least 5 days, and the sample has not corrupted within that period.
The findings remain valid provided the data span at least 5 days, and the sample stays uncorrupted during that period.
To me, "data" is always plural and uses a plural form of the verb. Also, the word "time" is redundant since "5 days" refers to it and there's "that period", which says it precisely. You may consider replacing the numeral 5 by "five" in formal writing. But I know it's commonly used in the computer-related messages.
Here is a suggestion for rewriting the sentence, using the term throughout, as supplied by @Alan K
I have kept your sentence structure and linked to definitions for other words I've included.
For resultant data to be valid, the experiment/trial must run for a minimum of five consecutive days and the sample remain uncorrupted throughout.
Source: ODO
This may not be "sciencey" enough for a formal science paper, but I think that "meanwhile" conveys this meaning well enough. It is defined by Merriam-Webster as "during the intervening time".
and. That sorta explains why I chose not to put the second condition into a clause. Given this, do you still feel it better to rephrase it?