I like Photographic memory:
noun
a memory that is able to retain facts, appearances, etc, in precise
detail, often after only a very short view of or exposure to them
⇒ He had a photographic memory for maps.
There seems to be some scientific dispute about the value of the descriptive term "photographic memory:"
The intuitive notion of a “photographic” memory is that it is just
like a photograph: you can retrieve it from your memory at will and
examine it in detail, zooming in on different parts. But a true
photographic memory in this sense has never been proved to exist.
So more technically Eidetic memory:
an ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory after
only a few instants of exposure, with high precision for some time
after exposure
Mnemonic Retention is probably the safest, except it has been coopted by EQ, a cybergame:
Mnemonic:
ADJECTIVE
1 Aiding or designed to aid the memory.
Retention:
The fact of keeping something in one’s memory:
Everyone has a mnemonic system to help remember important things, but some people have a much more powerful and finely tuned system:
Most of us do have a kind of photographic memory, in that most
people's memory for visual material is much better and more detailed
than our recall of most other kinds of material. For instance, most of
us remember a face much more easily than the name associated with that
face. But this isn't really a photographic memory; it just shows us
the normal difference between types of memory...
So how does an exceptional, perhaps photographic, memory come to be?
It depends on a slew of factors, including our genetics, brain
development and experiences. It is difficult to disentangle memory
abilities that appear early from those cultivated through interest and
training. Most people who have exhibited truly extraordinary memories
in some domain have seemed to possess them all their lives and honed
them further through practice.
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