OP seeks:
1. A single word, or medical term, other than: vaccines; immunizations; inoculations; or prophylactics (adjective): intended to prevent disease.
2. Which describes medicines that, in the future, will prevent disease “caused by the body not working right” [inherited or acquired genetic disease or disorder] as opposed to medicines that prevent infectious pathogenic diseases.
3. If such a medicine were available today.... and I was going to the doctor's office to receive it... I would say, "I am going to the doctor's office to get AAV gene therapy, or simply, gene therapy.
Alzheimer’s is primarily a genetic disease so gene therapies of various kinds are likely to play a prominent role in preventing or inhibiting this illness. Because your question concerns "future" medicines treating AD I am unable to provide a more specific term for that treatment.
Interest in gene therapy grew as further studies of DNA and chromosomes showed that specific genetic abnormalities in one or more genes occurred in successive generations of certain family members who suffered from diseases like intestinal cancer, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, diabetes, and many more. Although the genes may not be the only cause of the disease in all cases, they may make certain individuals more susceptible to developing the disease because of environmental influences, like smoking, pollution, and stress.
see, encyclopedia.com
Recombinant AAV gene therapy for Alzheimer's disease
In this investigation we study the effects of upregulating expression of several of these proteases through administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) containing both endogenous and synthetic genes for ECE and NEP on amyloid deposition in amyloid precursor protein (APP) plus presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice. rAAV administration directly into the brain resulted in increased expression of ECE and NEP and a substantial decrease in amyloid pathology.
We were able to significantly increase the area of viral distribution by using novel delivery methods resulting in increased gene expression and distribution. These data support great potential of gene therapy as a method of treatment for neurological diseases. Optimization of gene transfer methods aimed at a particular cell type and brain region in the CNS can be accomplished using AAV serotype specificity and novel delivery techniques leading to successful gene transduction thus providing a promising therapeutic avenue through which to treat AD.
Carty, Nikisha Christine, "Recombinant AAV gene therapy and delivery for Alzheimer's disease" (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations.
Recombinant AAV gene therapy for Alzheimer's