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Which style of Latin plurals should I use?
Irregular plurality situations in English

This is really weird IMO; the plural of cactus is cacti, so why is not the plural of chorus, chori?

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The plural of "ox" is "oxen", so the plural of "box" is ...

The plural of "man" is "men", so the plural of "can" is ...

These are no odder than your question.

English has a default rule for forming plurals ("add 's'), but lots of other rules (eg "-y" -> "-ies") and individual exceptions. Analogy is a significant force in language change, but it is not predictable when it will have effect and when it won't.

As mplungjan says, "chorus" and "cactus" are from different languages, but that doesn't really answer the question: in Greek "khoros" would have plural "khoroi", but we have hardly any examples of the Greek plural "-oi" in English. On the other hand the plural of the Greek "oktopus" is "oktopodes", and some people use "octopodes" in English.

And even in words coming from Latin, simple analogy doesn't always work. The plural of "corpus" is "corpora" in both Latin and English. And the plural of "prospectus" in Latin is "prospectūs" - the usual plural in English is "prospectuses".

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    I've heard people say 'boxen'. It's hacker-speak. urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=boxen – z7sg Ѫ Apr 20 '11 at 11:09
  • And even if the plural in Latin makes sense in English we don't always use it. Usually only if the plural was imported along with the singular. – Mr. Shiny and New 安宇 Apr 20 '11 at 13:09
  • "Cactus" is ultimately from Greek, just like "chorus." – herisson Jan 26 '16 at 6:30
  • +1 If not for just laughing at the prospect of having a few "cen" in the recycling. – Dog Lover Jul 10 '17 at 6:39
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As pointed out in this previous general question, there's no real rule.

Chorus entered the English vocabulary during the christianization campaign started in 597 with St Augustine that would make of England one of the most developed Christian country in the Middle Ages. Together with cloister, mass, alm, organ, sound etc.

Latin took it indeed from the Greeks (χορός - choros) but the Greek plural would actually make it choroi (χοροι).

The English plural ignores the Latin origin of the word.

As for cactus, it also comes from Greek (κάκτος) through Latin (cactus). However, this time the Latin plural is respected. May be cactuses was really too prickly !!! I first though that it would be Linnaeus's fault but you don't say gerania but geraniums. So bad bet !

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    That would be gerania. // Note that we use the Latin plural with Greek words most of the time, rather than the Greek plural: that is because nearly all Greek words have come to us through Latin. – Cerberus_Reinstate_Monica Apr 20 '11 at 11:46
  • OK with both remarks. Correcting the post. Thx. – Alain Pannetier Φ Apr 20 '11 at 11:55
  • There is a rule, but as you allude to, it's historically-motivated and non-generative in Modern English. – msanford Apr 20 '11 at 15:02

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