What is it called when reversing a phrase doesn't mean the same as the original phrase?

Question

What is the rhetorical device/argument called when one says:

All surgeons are doctors, but not all doctors are surgeons.

I don't know what the "X Y Z, Z Y X" sentence structure is called in English grammar, but I do know "all surgeons are doctors, but not all doctors are surgeons" falls under syllogism in the philosophy of logic (and the term can be applied to such logical propositions in any language, even formal languages like mathematical notation, or programming code). — Dan Bron, Commented Oct 22, 2014 at 21:08
Grammatically, it's two sentences combined into a single sentence by connecting them with a conjunction. Is that the kind of answer you wanted? — Barmar, Commented Oct 22, 2014 at 21:48
@DanBron The statement is certainly not a syllogism as there is not at least two propositions and a conclusion. — Muster Mark, Commented Nov 22, 2014 at 15:25

Joe Dark · Accepted Answer · 2014-10-22 22:11:58Z

4

Antimetabole and possibly Chiasmus.

answered Oct 22, 2014 at 21:33

Joe Dark

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It would be nice to include the definition of each of these words, and possibly an example, in your answer.
– IanF1
Commented Mar 20, 2015 at 7:55

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