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What is the difference between "Come on home" and "Come home"? In this case "Come on" is a phrasal verb?

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Interesting question.

Yes, I think come on is a phrasal verb, and a rather colloquial one. I'm finding it hard to define its meaning though. Sometimes it does mean the same as come, with a connotation of either annoyance or invitation (depending on the tone of voice). It can also have a much more abstract meaning, something like "I want you to do something, or finish something".

In this case, your two sentences do have the same meaning, but come on home is more friendly, either coaxing or inviting.

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  • The same "superficially superfluous" preposition usage occurs in go on over, where I think the [optional] over imparts a sense of "continuity" or "immediacy". That's to say you if you go on over to [your friend's house, say], this is often in contexts where the visit is the next activity within a series of reported or planned activities. It may also imply addition to or diversion from a simpler series of activities. May 6, 2014 at 12:40
  • What a lot of things we use on to mean. I agree, the pragmatic usages ('oiling' the discourse: friendly, encouraging // hectoring, threatening ) are important. 'Come' on its own sounds faintly ridiculous. May 6, 2014 at 13:25
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Come on home could be taken to imply that the person you're talking to is already on their way home, and you're welcoming them in advance.

Come home might be more of a request - this person isn't necessarily thinking about coming home and you're suggesting it in the hope they will.

These are the two meanings I would first assume if, for example, I overheard them on one end of a phone-call.

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