Sir is a general-purpose term of respect, and it's hard to go wrong with sir when used in polite conversation. The equivalent term to use for women would be ma'am.
My name is Joe Blanton.
Good morning, sir. Pleased to meet you.
My name is Lisa Blanton.
Good morning, ma'am. Pleased to meet you.
Unlike sir and ma'am, Mr., Mrs., Miss, (and Ms.) wouldn't be polite words to use unless you use them in conjunction with the person's name:
My name is Joe Blanton.
Hello, Mr. Blanton. Pleased to meet you.
Mrs is used for married women, Miss is used for single women, and Ms can be used for either. I would recommend using Ms unless the person you are talking with indicates otherwise:
My name is Lisa Blanton.
Hello, Ms. Blanton. Pleased to meet you.
My name is Miss Blanton.
Hello, Miss Blanton. Pleased to meet you.