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I know what this means, but can't figure out why ponds, lakes, or oceans might be referred to as "the drink."

From Wiktionary:

(colloquial, with the) Any body of water.

If he doesn't pay off the mafia, he’ll wear cement shoes to the bottom of the drink!

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    I don't know where or when this metaphoric extension became popular, but here are a couple of instances from the early 1870s of fell in the drink. It may have been early sailor's "ironic" slang (because they couldn't drink seawater if the fresh water ran out! !)
    – FumbleFingers
    Jul 18, 2013 at 3:56
  • He'd be swimmin wit da fishes
    – mplungjan
    Jul 18, 2013 at 5:47
  • Because it's wet? Or liquid? Same reason a golfer might call a sand trap a beach.
    – J.R.
    Jul 18, 2013 at 9:51

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OED1 (1897) has the following in its entry for the noun drink:

  1. U.S. humorous. A river or body of water. Big drink : the Mississippi ; also, the Atlantic. 1857 Holland Bay Path xii. 137 So you'd better scull your dug-out over the drink again, a i860 N. Y. Spirit of Times (Bartlett Dict. Amer, s.v. Big), Off I sot, went through Mississippi, crossed the big drink. 1873 Roots (1888) 47 If you don't sit steady, we shall be spilt into the drink.

Thus, reference to a large body of water as a drink was established by the 1850's. But such usage as in the drink may be somewhat older than that. OED1's second main entry for the verb drink is like

Drink, Obs. Aphetic f. ADRINK, to drown. c 1425 Seven Sag. ...
Hadde I than be dronken,
And in the salt flod sonkyn.

Cites for adrink are dated from 880 AD to 1300 AD. Aphesis refers to loss of the initial unstressed vowel of a word. Drink as the verb to drown was formed from the older word adrink, which if interpreted as an adverb could suggest in the drink.

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